What an Enhanced Driver's License Is and Who Needs One

An Enhanced Driver's License (EDL) in Washington is a standard driver's license with added security features that lets you cross the U.S. border into Canada, Mexico, and some Caribbean countries by land or sea without a passport. It contains an embedded radio frequency identification (RFID) chip that stores your biometric data and links to federal databases. Washington residents can use an EDL at land border crossings instead of carrying a passport book, though you still need it for air travel.

You do not need an EDL for everyday driving in Washington. A regular driver's license works the same way for all state purposes. The EDL is useful only if you travel frequently across land borders and want to avoid carrying a passport, or if you prefer having a backup document that proves citizenship and identity.

Washington has issued EDLs since 2008. The state's Department of Licensing (DOL) handles all applications and renewals. The process takes longer than a standard license renewal because of the additional verification steps and the RFID chip production.

Key Takeaways

  • You must be a U.S. citizen and a Washington resident with a valid Social Security number to get an EDL.
  • You will need to visit a DOL office in person with proof of citizenship (passport, birth certificate, or naturalization papers), proof of residency, and proof of identity.
  • An EDL costs more than a standard license — the exact fee depends on whether you are renewing or getting a new one, and how many years you choose.
  • Processing takes four to six weeks after your in-person appointment, and you cannot use the EDL until you receive it in the mail.
  • An EDL is valid for eight years for adults under 65, and four years for adults 65 and older.

Documents You Need to Bring to the DOL Office

Washington requires three categories of documents: proof of citizenship, proof of residency, and proof of identity. You must bring originals or certified copies — photocopies alone will not work.

For proof of citizenship, bring one of these: a U.S. passport (book or card), a certified birth certificate issued by the state or county where you were born, a Certificate of Naturalization, a Certificate of Citizenship, or a Consular Report of Birth Abroad. If your birth certificate is from outside the United States, it must be accompanied by proof that you are a U.S. citizen.

For proof of residency, bring a document dated within the last 12 months showing your current Washington address. Acceptable documents include a utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, property tax bill, or a letter from a government agency. A driver's license or ID card does not count as proof of residency even if it shows your address.

For proof of identity, bring a current, valid photo ID issued by a government agency — typically your current Washington driver's license, passport, or military ID. If you do not have a photo ID, you can bring two documents that together establish your identity, such as a Social Security card and a credit card.

The Step-by-Step process Process

Start by scheduling an appointment at your nearest DOL office. You can book online through the Washington Department of Licensing website or call 1-360-902-3900. Walk-in appointments are available at some offices, but scheduling ahead reduces wait time. Bring all three categories of documents listed above.

At your appointment, a DOL employee will review your documents, take a new photo, and collect your fingerprints for the federal background check. You will also sign a statement confirming you are a U.S. citizen. The employee will enter your information into the system and collect payment. You cannot complete this step online or by mail — the in-person visit is required.

After your appointment, the DOL sends your information to federal agencies for verification, which typically takes two to four weeks. Once verification is complete, the RFID chip is embedded into your license card, and it is mailed to your address. Total processing time is usually four to six weeks from your appointment date, though it can take longer during peak periods.

You will receive your EDL by mail. Do not assume it has arrived if you do not receive it within six weeks — contact the DOL to check the status. You cannot use the EDL for border crossing until you have it in hand.

Cost and Renewal Timeline

An EDL costs more than a standard Washington driver's license. The exact fee depends on whether you are getting a new EDL or renewing an existing one, and whether you choose a four-year or eight-year validity period. As of 2024, a new EDL typically costs between $90 and $130, depending on the term you select. Renewal fees are lower. Fees change periodically, so check the DOL website for current pricing before your appointment.

An EDL is valid for eight years if you are under 65, or four years if you are 65 or older. You can renew by mail if you are renewing a valid EDL and your address has not changed, though you will still need to visit an office in person if you want to update your photo or if your renewal is flagged for additional verification. Most people renew in person to avoid delays.

If your EDL is lost, stolen, or damaged, you must explore for a replacement in person at a DOL office. Replacement fees are similar to renewal fees.

Who Cannot Get an Enhanced Driver's License

You must be a U.S. citizen to get an EDL. Lawful permanent residents, visa holders, and other non-citizens cannot get one, even if they hold a valid Washington driver's license. If you are not a citizen, a standard driver's license is your only option in Washington.

You must also have a valid Social Security number on file with the federal government. If you do not have one or if there is a mismatch between your name and your Social Security records, the DOL will not be able to complete your process. Resolve any Social Security issues before scheduling your appointment.

If you have an outstanding warrant, a suspended license, or certain criminal convictions, the federal background check may delay or prevent approval. The DOL will notify you if there is a problem during processing.

EDL vs. Real ID: Which One Do You Need?

Washington also offers a Real ID-compliant driver's license, which is different from an EDL. A Real ID license meets federal standards for domestic air travel and entry to federal buildings. An EDL also meets Real ID standards, so it serves both purposes. If you only need to fly domestically or enter federal buildings, a standard Real ID license is sufficient and costs less than an EDL.

If you travel across land borders and also want to fly domestically, an EDL covers both needs. If you only travel by air and never cross land borders, a standard Real ID license is the simpler choice. If you do not travel internationally or to federal buildings, a standard driver's license works for all Washington state purposes.

What Happens After You Receive Your EDL

Once your EDL arrives, check it for errors in your name, address, or date of birth. If there is a mistake, contact the DOL when ready to request a correction. Corrections are usually free if caught within a short time of issuance.

Your EDL works like any other driver's license for driving in Washington. At a land border crossing, present it to the customs officer along with any other documents they request. The RFID chip will be scanned, and your information will be verified against federal databases. The process is similar to showing a passport, though some officers may ask additional questions depending on the circumstances of your crossing.

Keep your EDL in a safe place. If it is lost or stolen, report it to the DOL and explore for a replacement. Do not attempt to use an expired EDL at a border crossing — have a valid passport or other accepted document ready as a backup.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I renew my EDL by mail?

You can renew by mail if your current EDL is valid, your address has not changed, and you do not need a new photo. Mail renewal is faster than in-person renewal. If any of these conditions do not explore, you must visit a DOL office in person.

What if I moved to Washington from another state — can I transfer my EDL?

No. If you had an EDL from another state, you cannot transfer it to Washington. You must explore for a new Washington EDL in person at a DOL office. Bring your out-of-state EDL along with the other required documents.

Do I need an EDL if I only cross the border once a year?

No. You can use a passport book or passport card instead. An EDL is most useful if you cross frequently and want to avoid carrying a passport. For occasional trips, a passport is simpler and does not require the extra processing time or cost.

What if the federal background check finds a problem?

The DOL will contact you by mail if there is an issue. Common problems include name mismatches with Social Security records or outstanding warrants. You will have a chance to resolve the issue or provide additional documentation before your process is denied.

Can I use my EDL to fly domestically within the United States?

Yes. An EDL meets Real ID standards and is accepted at airport security checkpoints for domestic flights. You do not need a passport for domestic air travel if you have an EDL.