What You Need to Do to Get a Virginia Driver's License
To get a Virginia driver's license, you must pass a written knowledge test, a driving skills test, and a vision screening at a Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) location. You'll also need to bring specific documents that prove your identity, Social Security number, and Virginia residency. The entire process typically takes several weeks from start to finish, though you can get a temporary license to drive while you wait for your permanent card.
Virginia has different pathways depending on your age and whether you already hold a license from another state. Teenagers follow a graduated licensing system with restrictions, while adults moving to Virginia can transfer an existing license or take the full test route. The cost varies by license type but ranges from about $20 to $35 for a standard five-year license.
Key Takeaways
- You must bring an original or certified birth certificate, Social Security card, and two documents showing your Virginia address to any DMV office.
- The written test covers Virginia traffic laws and road signs; you can study using the official Virginia DMV manual available free online.
- The driving test lasts about 20 minutes and tests basic vehicle control, parking, and your ability to follow traffic laws on public roads.
- Teenagers under 18 must complete a driver education course and hold a learner's permit for at least 15 days before taking the driving test.
- You can schedule your tests online through the Virginia DMV website or by calling 1-866-DMV-LINE, and appointments are usually available within two to four weeks.
Documents You Must Bring to the DMV
Virginia requires you to bring an original or certified copy of your birth certificate, your Social Security card, and two documents that prove you live in Virginia. The birth certificate and Social Security card are non-negotiable; the DMV will not process your process without them. If you don't have your Social Security card, you can bring a Social Security Administration letter showing your number, or a W-2 form or tax return with your number on it.
For proof of Virginia residency, you need two documents from this list: a utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, bank statement, insurance policy, or government mail with your name and current address. The documents must be dated within the last 60 days. If you're under 18, your parent or guardian must also be present with their own ID.
Bring your current out-of-state license if you have one, though it's not required. The DMV will take it when you receive your Virginia license. If you've changed your name since your birth certificate was issued, bring a certified copy of the document that shows the change—a marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order.
The Written Knowledge Test and What It Covers
The written test has 35 multiple-choice questions about Virginia traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices. You must answer at least 28 questions correctly to pass. The test is offered in English and several other languages; ask the DMV staff which languages are available at your location.
Study material is free: the Virginia DMV publishes the official Driver's Manual online at dmvnow.com, and you can read it or read it there. The manual covers everything the test asks about—speed limits, right-of-way rules, what different road signs mean, and how to handle hazardous conditions. Many people study the manual for a few hours and pass on their first attempt; others take it two or three times. There's no limit on how many times you can retake it, but you must wait one day between attempts.
You take the test at a DMV office on a computer terminal. The test takes about 15 to 20 minutes. You get your score when ready, and if you pass, you move forward to schedule your driving test.
The Driving Test: What the Examiner Will Ask You to Do
The driving test lasts about 20 minutes and takes place on public roads near the DMV office where you test. The examiner will ask you to perform basic driving tasks: starting the vehicle, turning, stopping, parking (both parallel and perpendicular), backing up, and merging into traffic. They're watching for smooth steering, proper use of mirrors and signals, correct speed, and your ability to follow traffic laws and respond to road conditions.
You must bring a vehicle that is registered, insured, and in safe working condition. The vehicle's registration and proof of insurance must be current. The examiner will check the brakes, lights, windshield wipers, and horn before you drive. If anything is broken or missing, you won't be allowed to test that day.
Common reasons people fail include hitting a curb during parking, failing to signal, speeding, not stopping completely at stop signs, and not checking mirrors before changing lanes. If you don't pass, you can retake the test after waiting one day. There's no limit on attempts.
Graduated Licensing for Drivers Under 18
If you're under 18, Virginia requires you to complete a driver education course before you can get a learner's permit. The course is offered by high schools, private driving schools, and online providers. Once you finish, you'll get a certificate of completion that you bring to the DMV along with your other documents.
With your learner's permit, you can drive only when a licensed adult 21 or older is in the front passenger seat. You must hold the permit for at least 15 days before you can take the driving test. During this time, you should practice driving in different conditions—daytime, nighttime, rain, and highway driving if possible.
After you pass the driving test, you receive a Restricted License valid until age 18. This license has restrictions: you cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. unless you're driving to work, school, or a medical appointment. You also cannot use a cell phone while driving, even hands-free, except in emergencies. At age 18, these restrictions lift automatically and you have a standard license.
If You Already Have a License From Another State
If you hold a valid driver's license from another state and you move to Virginia, you can transfer it without taking the written or driving test. Bring your out-of-state license, your birth certificate, Social Security card, and two documents showing Virginia residency to any DMV office. The fee is the same as for a new license. You'll get a temporary license that day and your permanent card by mail within two weeks.
If your out-of-state license has expired, you cannot transfer it; you'll need to take the full test route instead. The same applies if you've been without a license for more than one year. Virginia will honor a valid license from any U.S. state or territory, as well as valid licenses from most countries if you're a temporary resident.
If you're moving from a state with a graduated licensing system and you're under 18, Virginia will honor your current license status. If you held a restricted license in your previous state, you'll receive a Restricted License in Virginia with the same rules until you turn 18.
How to Schedule Your Tests and What to Expect at the DMV
Schedule your written test and driving test online at dmvnow.com or by calling 1-866-DMV-LINE. You can book both tests at the same time or separately. Most DMV offices have appointments available within two to four weeks, though this varies by location and season. Northern Virginia offices tend to fill up faster than rural areas.
Arrive at your appointment 10 to 15 minutes early with all your documents. Bring the originals; photocopies are not accepted. If you're missing any required document, the DMV will not let you test that day and you'll need to reschedule. Bring your Social Security card itself, not just the number written down.
The DMV office will take your photo and fingerprints for your license. Wear something you're comfortable being photographed in. After you pass both tests, you'll receive a temporary paper license valid for 45 days while your permanent card is printed and mailed to you. Your permanent license arrives within two weeks in most cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take the written test and driving test on the same day?
No. You must pass the written test first, then schedule your driving test for a different day. Most people schedule the driving test for one to two weeks after passing the written test to allow time for practice.
What happens if I fail the driving test?
You can retake it after waiting one day. There's no limit on how many times you can try. Many people pass on their second or third attempt. Between attempts, practice the specific skills the examiner said you need to improve.
Do I need to take a vision test?
Yes. The DMV will screen your vision at your appointment. If you wear glasses or contacts, bring them. If you fail the vision screening, you'll be referred to an eye care professional and must bring a vision clearance form before you can receive your license.
How much does a Virginia driver's license cost?
A standard five-year license costs $35. A restricted license for drivers under 18 costs $20. If you're transferring from another state, the cost is the same. Fees are paid at the DMV office when you complete your tests or transfer.
Can I get my license if I don't have a Social Security number?
No. Virginia requires a Social Security number to issue a driver's license. If you don't have one, you'll need to contact the Social Security Administration first. If you're not may be able to access for a Social Security number, you may be able to get a special ID card instead of a driver's license.