What you need to do to get a driver's license

Getting a driver's license involves three main steps: gathering documents, passing a written test, and passing a driving test. The exact documents you need and the order of steps depend on your state, but the process is the same everywhere — you go to your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (or equivalent), prove who you are and where you live, show you know the rules of the road, and show you can drive safely.

Most states let you take the written test and driving test on the same day if you pass the written test first. Some states require you to wait a few days between tests. The whole process typically takes a few hours on test day, though you may need to visit the DMV twice if your state separates the tests or if you fail and need to retake one.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need a birth certificate or passport, proof of your Social Security number, and proof of your current address — check your state's DMV website for the exact list before you go.
  • Most states require you to pass a written test on road signs and traffic laws before you can take the driving test.
  • The driving test usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes and tests basic skills like parking, turning, and stopping — not highway driving.
  • If you fail either test, you can retake it after a waiting period that varies by state, usually between one day and two weeks.
  • Bring all required documents in original form; copies or photos are not accepted at most DMVs.

Documents you must bring to the DMV

Every state requires proof of identity, proof of your Social Security number, and proof of your current address. A birth certificate or U.S. passport works for identity. A Social Security card, W-2 form, or tax return works for your Social Security number. A utility bill, lease, or bank statement with your name and address works for proof of residence — it usually must be dated within the last 60 days.

Some states also require a completed process form, which you can read from your state's DMV website before you go. A few states require a vision test result from an eye doctor if you wear glasses or contacts. Check your specific state's DMV website for the complete list, because showing up without the right documents means a wasted trip.

Bring originals, not copies or photos. The DMV will not accept a photo of your birth certificate or a scanned utility bill. If you do not have one of the required documents, contact your state's DMV to ask what alternatives they accept — some states have workarounds for people who cannot get certain documents.

Taking the written test

The written test covers road signs, traffic laws, and safe driving practices. Most states give you a booklet or online study guide weeks before your test date. The test usually has 30 to 50 questions, and you need to score around 80 percent to pass — the exact passing score varies by state.

You can take the test on a computer at the DMV or on paper, depending on your state. The test takes 20 to 40 minutes. If you fail, you can usually retake it after waiting a few days to two weeks, depending on your state. Some states let you retake it the same day; others require you to wait and come back.

Study the official DMV study guide for your state, not generic online guides. Each state's test covers different rules and sign meanings. Many DMVs offer free practice tests on their websites so you can see what the real test looks like.

Taking the driving test

The driving test lasts 10 to 20 minutes and tests basic vehicle control and awareness of traffic laws. You will be asked to do things like start the car, drive on local streets, make turns, stop at signs, park, and back up. You will not be asked to drive on the highway or in heavy traffic. The examiner sits in the passenger seat and watches you the whole time.

Bring your own car or use one provided by the DMV, depending on your state. Your car must be registered, insured, and in safe working condition — the examiner will check the brakes, lights, and windshield wipers before you start. If anything is broken, you will not be allowed to test.

Common reasons people fail include hitting the curb while parking, rolling through a stop sign, speeding, not checking mirrors, and hitting the examiner's brake pedal (which they can use if they think you are unsafe). If you fail, you can retake the test after waiting the required time in your state, usually between one day and two weeks.

Getting your license after you pass

If you pass both tests, the DMV will take your photo and issue your license on the spot or mail it to you within one to two weeks, depending on your state. Some states issue a temporary paper license you can use while you wait for the plastic card. Your license is valid for four to eight years depending on your state and age.

You will pay a fee for your license — this ranges from about $20 to $100 depending on your state and how long the license is valid. Some states charge extra if you need a Real ID-compliant license, which you will need to fly domestically starting in 2025.

What to do if you fail a test

If you fail the written test, you can retake it after your state's waiting period. Most states let you retake it within days; a few require you to wait up to two weeks. You do not need to pay the full fee again — most states charge a smaller retake fee.

If you fail the driving test, the examiner will tell you what you did wrong. Common fixable mistakes include not checking your mirrors enough, stopping too abruptly, or misjudging distance while parking. Practice the specific skills the examiner mentioned before you retake the test. Many driving schools offer one or two lessons focused on test skills if you want professional feedback.

Using a driving school or instructor

You do not have to use a driving school to get your license, but some people find lessons helpful, especially if they are nervous or have never driven before. A professional instructor can teach you the specific skills the test covers and give you feedback on what you are doing wrong. Lessons typically cost $30 to $100 per hour depending on where you live.

Some states offer a discount on your license fee or insurance if you complete a certified driver education course. Check your state's DMV website to see if this applies to you. A few states require people under 18 to complete a driver education course before they can take the driving test.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I take the driving test in a car that is not registered to me?

Yes, in most states you can use someone else's car as long as it is registered, insured, and in safe working condition. Some states require the owner to be present; others do not. Check your state's DMV website or call ahead to confirm what is allowed.

What happens if I fail the driving test twice?

You can retake it as many times as you need. There is no limit on the number of attempts in most states. You will pay the retake fee each time. Some states require you to wait longer between attempts after multiple failures, or to take additional lessons.

Do I need to know how to drive a manual transmission car?

No. You can take the test in an automatic transmission car, and your license will be valid for both automatic and manual cars. If you want to restrict your license to automatic only, you can ask the DMV, but it is not required.

Can I get a license if I do not have a Social Security number?

It depends on your state. Some states accept an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead. Contact your state's DMV directly to ask what documents you can use as proof of your tax identification number.

How long does a driver's license last?

Most states issue licenses valid for four to eight years. Your state's DMV website will tell you the exact length. You will need to renew it before it expires to keep driving legally.