How to Get a Commercial Driver's License in Maryland

What you need to know about Maryland's CDL requirements

A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) in Maryland is required to operate a truck, bus, or other vehicle that meets federal weight or passenger capacity thresholds. You cannot straightforward upgrade from a regular driver's license — you must pass a separate written test, a skills test, and a medical examination. Maryland's Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) handles CDL issuance, and the process typically takes several weeks from process to test to license in hand.

The state recognizes three classes of CDL (Class A, B, and C), each tied to the vehicle's Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and what you'll be hauling. You'll also need to declare any endorsements — such as Hazmat, Tanker, or Passenger — that match the work you plan to do. Without the right class and endorsement, you cannot legally operate that vehicle, and violations carry heavy fines and potential jail time.

Key Takeaways

Maryland requires a separate CDL process, medical certificate, written test, and behind-the-wheel skills test; you cannot upgrade from a regular license.
Class A covers trucks over 26,001 GVWR with trailers, Class B covers single vehicles over 26,001 GVWR, and Class C covers smaller commercial vehicles or passenger transport.
You must obtain a valid medical certificate from an FMCSA-certified examiner before you can take the written test or schedule your skills test.
The written test covers general knowledge, air brakes (if applicable), and any endorsements you need; the skills test includes a pre-trip inspection, basic controls, and an on-road drive.
Maryland charges a CDL process fee and a license fee; costs vary depending on the class and endorsements you request.

CDL classes and what each one covers

Maryland's three CDL classes are defined by vehicle weight and configuration. Class A is the broadest: it covers any combination of vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more, as long as the towed vehicle weighs more than 10,000 pounds. Most long-haul truck drivers hold a Class A. Class B covers a single vehicle (no trailer) with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more, or any such vehicle towing a vehicle under 10,000 pounds. Bus drivers and some delivery truck operators hold Class B. Class C covers vehicles under those thresholds but still used for commercial purposes — such as a small bus carrying 16 or more passengers, or a vehicle carrying hazardous materials.

You must choose the class that matches the vehicle you will operate. Driving a Class A truck with only a Class B license is a violation. If you are unsure which class applies to your job, ask your employer or check the vehicle's registration and door placard for the GVWR.

Endorsements you may need

An endorsement is an add-on to your CDL that permits you to haul specific cargo or passenger types. The most common endorsements are Hazmat (hazardous materials), Tanker (liquid cargo in tank vehicles), Passenger (buses or vans with 16 or more seats), and Double/Triple (multiple trailers). You do not need an endorsement unless your job requires it, but if you will be hauling that cargo or carrying those passengers, you must have it.

Each endorsement requires an additional written test. Hazmat also requires a federal background check and fingerprinting through the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The TSA process can add several weeks to your timeline, so plan ahead if Hazmat is part of your plan. You can add endorsements later, but it is often faster to include them when you first explore.

Medical certification and the FMCSA exam

Before you can take the CDL written test, you must obtain a Medical Examiner's Certificate from a doctor certified by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). This is not your regular doctor's checkup — it is a specific exam that evaluates your vision, hearing, blood pressure, and ability to safely operate a commercial vehicle. The examiner will also review your medical history for conditions that might disqualify you, such as certain heart conditions, uncontrolled diabetes, or sleep apnea.

You can find an FMCSA-certified examiner through the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners on the FMCSA website. The exam typically costs between $75 and $150, and you pay the examiner directly. Once you pass, the examiner will issue a certificate valid for up to two years. Bring this certificate with you when you explore at the MVA.

The written test: what to study and how to prepare

Maryland's CDL written test covers general knowledge required of all drivers, plus specific topics for your class and endorsements. The general knowledge section tests your understanding of vehicle control, hazard perception, braking systems, and Maryland traffic law. If you are taking a Class A or B test, you will also answer questions about air brakes (unless your vehicle has no air brake system, in which case you can request an exemption). Each endorsement — Hazmat, Tanker, Passenger, Double/Triple — has its own 20 to 30-question test.

The MVA provides a free CDL Study Guide on its website, organized by topic and class. Many drivers also use third-party study apps and practice tests. You must score at least 80 percent on each test section to pass. You can retake a failed section, but you must wait one day between attempts. Schedule your written test at an MVA office; you cannot take it online.

The skills test: pre-trip inspection, basic controls, and road drive

After you pass the written test, you must schedule a skills test with an MVA-approved examiner. The skills test has three parts, all conducted on the same day. First is the pre-trip inspection: you walk around the vehicle and point out safety-critical components — lights, brakes, tires, mirrors, coupling devices — and explain what you are checking and why. You do not have to touch every part, but you must demonstrate knowledge of the vehicle's systems.

Second is the basic controls portion, conducted in a closed course or parking lot. You will be asked to perform maneuvers such as straight-line backing, offset backing, alley docking, and parallel parking. These test your ability to control the vehicle's size and weight. Third is the on-road drive, typically 30 to 50 minutes, where an examiner rides with you on public roads and evaluates your steering, braking, lane changes, turns, and overall safety. You must bring your own vehicle — it must match the class you are testing for and be properly registered and insured.

You must pass all three parts to earn your CDL. If you fail one section, you can retake only that section without repeating the others, but you must schedule a new test appointment. Many drivers hire a CDL training school to prepare for the skills test; these schools provide vehicles and instruction and can significantly improve your chances of passing on the first attempt.

Fees, timelines, and next steps

Maryland's CDL process fee is separate from the license fee. The license fee varies by class and validity period (typically four or eight years). As of the most recent MVA fee schedule, a four-year CDL costs less than an eight-year CDL, but fees change periodically — check the MVA website or call your local MVA office for current amounts. You will also pay the medical examiner directly for the medical certificate, and if you pursue Hazmat, the TSA background check carries a separate fee.

The entire process — from medical exam to final license — typically takes four to eight weeks, depending on how quickly you schedule tests and whether you pass on your first attempt. Some MVA offices have longer wait times for skills tests, so call ahead to understand the local timeline. Once you pass all tests and pay your fees, the MVA will issue your CDL, usually within a few business days. You can check your process status online through the MVA website using your driver's license number.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use my regular Maryland driver's license while I wait for my CDL?

No. Once you explore for a CDL, your regular license is suspended, and you cannot legally operate a commercial vehicle. If your job requires a CDL, you must have it before you drive. Some employers allow you to work in non-driving roles while you complete the process.

What happens if I fail the skills test?

You can retake only the section you failed without repeating the others. You must schedule a new test appointment, which may take one to three weeks depending on examiner availability. There is no limit to how many times you can retake, but each attempt costs a fee.

Do I need to attend a CDL training school?

No, it is not required. However, many drivers find that a few weeks of professional instruction significantly improves their pass rate on the skills test, especially the backing and on-road portions. Some employers reimburse training costs or require it as a condition of hire.

Can I add endorsements after I get my CDL?

Yes. You can add endorsements at any time by passing the written test for that endorsement and paying the endorsement fee. If you need Hazmat, you will also need to complete the TSA background check again. It is often faster to add endorsements when you first explore, but it is not required.

What disqualifies you from getting a CDL in Maryland?

Medical conditions that affect safe driving — such as uncontrolled seizures, severe vision or hearing loss, or certain heart conditions — can disqualify you. A DUI conviction, multiple traffic violations, or a felony involving a motor vehicle can also bar you. The FMCSA medical examiner and the MVA will review your history during the process.

This guide is for general information only and is not medical, financial, legal, or other professional advice. For decisions specific to your situation, consult a qualified professional. See our Editorial Policy.