What you need to do to get a CDL
A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is required to operate most trucks, buses, and vehicles carrying hazardous materials. The process involves passing a written knowledge test, a skills test behind the wheel, and a medical examination. You must also hold a valid regular driver's license before you can obtain a CDL. The entire process typically takes several weeks to a few months, depending on how quickly you study, schedule your tests, and complete any required training.
Every state administers its own CDL program, so requirements vary slightly by location. However, the federal government sets minimum standards that all states follow. This means the basic steps are the same everywhere, but fees, testing locations, and specific rules differ by state.
Key Takeaways
- You must hold a valid regular driver's license and pass a Department of Transportation medical exam before taking any CDL test.
- The written knowledge test covers vehicle operation, safety, and regulations specific to the class of truck or bus you want to drive.
- The skills test includes a pre-trip vehicle inspection, a basic control test, and an on-road driving test with an examiner.
- Most states require you to pass all three components (written, pre-trip, and driving) within a set window, often 7 to 14 days.
- Some states allow you to test when ready; others require you to hold a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP) for a waiting period first.
Understand CDL classes and endorsements
The CDL comes in three classes—A, B, and C—based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and what it carries. Class A covers the heaviest trucks and is the most common for long-haul driving. Class B covers medium-duty trucks and buses. Class C is for smaller vehicles carrying hazardous materials or 16 or more passengers.
Beyond the class, you may need endorsements—special certifications for specific cargo or driving conditions. The most common are the Hazmat endorsement (for hazardous materials), the Tanker endorsement (for liquid cargo), and the Passenger endorsement (for buses). Each endorsement requires an additional written test. You do not need all endorsements; you only test for the ones your job requires.
Before you register for any test, confirm which class and endorsements you need by checking your state's CDL handbook or contacting your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV).
Get your medical certification
You must pass a Department of Transportation (DOT) medical exam before you can take the CDL written test. This exam is performed by a certified medical examiner and covers your vision, hearing, blood pressure, and overall health. The exam costs between $50 and $150, depending on the provider and your state.
Once you pass, you receive a Medical Certificate (also called a Medical Examiner's Certificate), which is valid for two years. You must carry this certificate with you when you take your CDL tests and when you drive commercially. If you fail the medical exam, you can retest with a different examiner or address the medical issue and try again.
Find a certified medical examiner through your state's DMV website or by searching the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners. Schedule your exam before you study for the written test, because you cannot proceed without it.
Study and pass the written knowledge test
The written test covers vehicle operation, safety rules, and federal regulations. The test is multiple-choice and typically has 50 questions; you must score at least 80 percent to pass. The test takes about 1 to 2 hours. Your state's DMV provides a free CDL handbook that covers all the material tested.
Most states allow you to take the written test at any DMV office or testing center. You schedule an appointment online or by phone. Bring your valid driver's license, your Medical Certificate, and proof of your state residency. Some states charge a testing fee of $10 to $50.
If you fail the written test, you can retake it, usually within a few days. There is no waiting period between attempts in most states, though some require you to wait 24 hours. Check your state's rules before you schedule.
Obtain your Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP)
After you pass the written test, most states issue a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP). This permit allows you to practice driving a commercial vehicle with a licensed CDL holder in the passenger seat. Some states issue the CLP when ready after you pass the written test; others require a waiting period of 7 to 14 days before you can take the skills test.
A few states skip the CLP requirement and let you go straight to the skills test after passing the written exam. Check your state's CDL handbook to see which applies to you. The CLP is typically valid for 180 days, giving you time to practice and schedule your skills test.
During the CLP period, you must follow all traffic laws and cannot drive alone. You also cannot carry passengers or hazardous materials, even with a licensed driver present, unless you have the appropriate endorsement.
Complete the skills test
The skills test has three parts: a pre-trip vehicle inspection, a basic control test, and an on-road driving test. All three must be passed, usually on the same day or within a short window (often 7 days). You must bring your CLP, your Medical Certificate, and a valid photo ID.
In the pre-trip inspection, you walk around and inside the vehicle with an examiner, pointing out safety features and explaining what you are checking. You do not have to touch anything; you just demonstrate that you know what to look for. This takes about 15 minutes.
The basic control test takes place in a closed course or parking lot. You perform maneuvers like backing up, turning, and parking. You must stay within marked boundaries and follow the examiner's instructions. This takes about 10 to 15 minutes.
The on-road driving test is a 30- to 45-minute drive on public roads with an examiner in the vehicle. You must follow traffic laws, respond to the examiner's directions, and demonstrate safe driving habits. The examiner is looking for smooth acceleration and braking, proper lane changes, and awareness of your surroundings.
Pay fees and schedule your tests
CDL fees vary by state but typically include a written test fee ($10 to $50), a skills test fee ($50 to $150), and a CDL license fee ($20 to $100). Some states bundle these into one fee; others charge separately. Your state's DMV website lists the exact fees for your location.
Schedule your written test first through your state's DMV website or by calling your local DMV office. Once you pass and receive your CLP, schedule your skills test. Skills tests are often booked weeks in advance, so plan ahead. Some states use third-party examiners; others use state employees. Either way, you book through your state's DMV.
Bring cash or a debit card to pay fees on test day. Some testing centers accept checks or online payment, but confirm before you arrive.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to attend a truck driving school to get a CDL?
No, truck driving school is not required by law. However, many employers prefer or require it, and it can make passing the skills test easier. Some schools offer job placement information after you earn your CDL. If you choose not to attend school, you must practice with someone who already holds a CDL.
How long does it take to get a CDL from start to finish?
The timeline depends on how quickly you study, how soon you can schedule tests, and whether your state requires a waiting period between the written test and skills test. Most people complete the process in 4 to 12 weeks. If you attend a truck driving school, add 3 to 8 weeks for the course.
What happens if I fail the skills test?
You can retake the skills test, usually within 7 to 14 days. There is no limit to how many times you can retake it, but you must pay the testing fee each time. Your CLP remains valid during this period, so you can continue practicing.
Can I get a CDL in one state and use it in another?
Yes. A CDL issued by any state is valid in all other states. However, you must follow the traffic laws of the state you are driving in. If you move to a new state, you can transfer your CDL to that state's DMV, though requirements and fees vary.
Do I need to renew my CDL, and how often?
Yes. CDLs are typically valid for four or eight years, depending on your state. You must renew before it expires by passing a new written test and medical exam. Some states allow you to renew by mail or online if you have no violations, but most require an in-person visit to the DMV.