The X Endorsement Combines Two Separate Hazmat Restrictions Into One

The X endorsement on a commercial driver's license is a combination endorsement that gives you permission to haul both hazardous materials and passengers at the same time. Without it, you cannot legally transport both in a single trip — even if you hold both the H endorsement (hazmat) and the P endorsement (passenger) separately.

The X endorsement exists because federal law treats the combination as a higher risk than either restriction alone. A bus carrying passengers and hazmat cargo requires additional safety protocols and background checks beyond what either endorsement demands on its own. Most drivers who need the X endorsement are those operating tour buses that carry both people and supplies, or commercial vehicles transporting both passengers and materials to job sites.

If you only haul hazmat or only carry passengers — but never both — you do not need the X endorsement. You would get either the H or the P endorsement instead. The X is only required when both activities happen in the same vehicle on the same trip.

Key Takeaways

  • The X endorsement allows you to transport both hazardous materials and passengers in the same vehicle, which neither the H nor P endorsement permits alone.
  • You must pass the hazmat knowledge test, the passenger knowledge test, and a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) background check to receive the X endorsement.
  • The TSA background check is the longest part of the process and can take several weeks; you cannot legally drive with X until it clears.
  • Your state's driver's license agency issues the X endorsement, but you must first pass both written tests at their testing facility.
  • The X endorsement costs vary by state but typically run between $50 and $150 when combined with your CDL renewal or upgrade.

What You Must Pass to Get the X Endorsement

Before your state issues the X endorsement, you must pass two separate written knowledge tests and clear a TSA background investigation. The first test covers hazmat regulations — how to load, transport, and handle hazardous materials safely, what placards and labels are required, and what to do in an emergency. The second test covers passenger transport rules — seating capacity, passenger safety procedures, and how to handle passenger emergencies.

Both tests are administered by your state's driver's license agency, usually at the same location where you took your original CDL test. You schedule them separately or together, depending on your state's process. Most states allow you to take both on the same day if you want to move faster.

The TSA background check happens after you pass both tests. You will fill out a form (TSA Form I-193 or similar, depending on your state) that asks about criminal history, immigration status, and other security factors. The TSA then investigates your background, which typically takes two to four weeks but can stretch longer if they need additional information from you.

How the TSA Background Check Works and What Disqualifies You

The TSA background investigation is more thorough than a standard criminal records check. They look at your criminal history, immigration records, mental health commitments, and whether you have ever been denied a hazmat endorsement or had one revoked. They also check whether you have been convicted of certain felonies or misdemeanors, even if they are old.

Certain convictions will automatically disqualify you from the X endorsement. These include felonies involving explosives, weapons, or violence; felonies involving controlled substances; and certain immigration-related offenses. Some states also disqualify you if you have been convicted of a felony within the past five years, regardless of the type. A misdemeanor conviction for driving under the influence (DUI) or reckless driving will not automatically disqualify you, but it may trigger additional investigation.

If the TSA denishes your background check, you have the right to request a reconsideration and to review the reasons for the denial. Contact your state's driver's license agency for the appeal process, as procedures vary by state. Some states allow you to reapply after a certain period has passed; others require you to wait until the disqualifying factor (such as a conviction) is no longer recent.

The Step-by-Step Process to Add the X Endorsement

Start by contacting your state's driver's license agency to confirm their specific process, because procedures vary. Most states follow this general sequence: first, you study the hazmat and passenger manuals (usually available free on the state's website). Second, you schedule and pass both written tests at a testing facility. Third, you submit your TSA background check form along with proof of identity and your current CDL. Fourth, you wait for the TSA to clear your background, which is the longest step. Fifth, once cleared, you return to the driver's license agency to pay the endorsement fee and receive your updated license with the X printed on it.

The entire process typically takes four to eight weeks from start to finish, with most of that time spent waiting for the TSA background check. Some states allow you to drive with a temporary permit after passing the written tests but before the background check clears; others do not. Ask your state agency whether a temporary permit is available, because it can make a difference if you need to start work quickly.

Bring your current CDL, proof of citizenship or legal residency, and a valid photo ID to your testing appointment. You will also need to pay the test fee at that time, which varies by state but is usually $10 to $25 per test. The endorsement fee itself is separate and is paid after your background check clears.

Renewing or Replacing Your X Endorsement

Your X endorsement renews on the same schedule as your CDL — typically every four or eight years, depending on your state. When you renew your CDL, you can renew the X endorsement at the same time by paying the endorsement renewal fee and passing a shorter hazmat knowledge test (some states waive the test if you have held the endorsement without incident). You do not have to repeat the full TSA background check during renewal in most states, though some states conduct a limited check.

If your CDL is suspended or revoked, your X endorsement is suspended or revoked along with it. If you let your CDL expire without renewing it, you will have to reapply for the X endorsement from scratch, including the full TSA background check, when you renew your license.

If you move to a different state, you will need to transfer your CDL to that state's driver's license agency. Some states honor the X endorsement from another state without requiring you to retake the tests; others require you to pass their own hazmat and passenger tests before they will issue the X. Contact your new state's agency to find out their transfer policy.

Costs and Fees Across Different States

The cost of obtaining the X endorsement varies significantly by state. Written test fees typically range from $10 to $25 per test (so $20 to $50 total for both tests). The endorsement fee itself — what you pay after your background check clears — ranges from $20 to $100 depending on the state. A few states charge an additional TSA processing fee of $10 to $25.

Some states bundle the X endorsement fee with your CDL renewal fee, so the total cost appears as one line item. Others charge the endorsement fee separately. A handful of states offer a discount if you obtain both the H and P endorsements at the same time and then add the X, but this is not common.

Contact your state's driver's license agency or visit their website to find the exact fees for your state. Many states post a fee schedule online, and some allow you to pay fees when you schedule your test appointment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need the X endorsement if I only carry hazmat sometimes and passengers other times?

No. You need the X endorsement only if you carry both hazmat and passengers in the same vehicle on the same trip. If you haul hazmat on some trips and passengers on other trips — but never both together — you can hold the H and P endorsements separately without the X.

What happens if I drive with hazmat and passengers without the X endorsement?

You are operating illegally and can be cited by law enforcement. Penalties include fines (typically $500 to $2,000 depending on your state), points on your driving record, and potential suspension of your CDL. Your employer can also face federal fines.

Can I get the X endorsement if I have an old DUI conviction?

It depends on how old the conviction is and your state's rules. A DUI from more than five years ago usually does not automatically disqualify you, but the TSA will still review it. A recent DUI (within the past three to five years) may trigger additional investigation or denial. Contact your state's driver's license agency with details of your conviction to get a clearer answer.

How long does the TSA background check actually take?

Most TSA background checks clear within two to four weeks. Some clear in as little as one week if there are no complications. Others can take six to eight weeks if the TSA needs additional information from you or if they find something that requires further investigation. There is no way to speed up the process.

If I fail one of the written tests, can I retake it?

Yes. Most states allow you to retake a failed test when ready or after a waiting period of a few days. You will have to pay the test fee again. There is usually no limit on how many times you can retake the test, though some states cap retakes at three or four per year.